Active cooling: Active cooling refers to the use of external devices to enhance heat transfer to cool a building. Examples of active cooling include air conditioning systems.Affordable Housing: Social rent, London affordable rent, affordable rent and intermediate housing, provided to eligible households whose needs are not met by the market. Eligibility is determined with regard to local incomes and local house prices. Affordable housing should include provisions to remain at an affordable price for future eligible households or the subsidy to be recycled for alternative affordable provision. Affordable Housing Off site Provision: Securing the provision of required affordable housing on a site separate to and outside of the development site.Affordable Housing Payment in Lieu: A payment taken through planning obligations in lieu of direct provision of affordable housing on or off site. It can be used to purchase street properties to be used as affordable housing, fund building new affordable housing, make improvements to existing stock, or to bring vacant properties back into use.Affordable rent housing: Let by local authorities or private registered providers of social housing to households who are eligible for social rented housing. Affordable Rent is subject to rent controls that require a rent of no more than 80 per cent of the local market rent (including service charges, where applicable).Agent of Change Principle: Denotes that it is the responsibility of any new development (i.e. the agent of change) seeking to locate to an area, to mitigate any adverse impacts from any existing uses. This is to ensure that occupants of the new development are protected from adverse impacts and existing uses are protected from complaint. Similarly, any new development likely to generate adverse impacts (for example a music venue) would need under the principle, to put in place measures to mitigate impacts on any existing development close by.Air Quality Neutral: An Air Quality Neutral development is one that meets, or improves upon, the air quality neutral benchmarks published in guidance from the Greater London Authority. The benchmarks set out the maximum allowable emissions of NOx and Particulate Matter based on the size and use class of the proposed development. Separate benchmarks are set out for emissions arising from the development and from transport associated with the development. Air Quality Neutral applies only to the completed development and does not include impacts arising from construction, which should be separately assessed in the Air Quality Assessment. Air Quality Positive: The Air Quality Positive approach maximises the benefits to local air quality in and around a development site or masterplan area and minimises exposure to existing sources of poor air quality. It requires planners, designers, architects and air quality experts to show what measures have been taken during the design stages to achieve the best possible outcomes for air quality. This approach goes beyond compliance with both the Air Quality Neutral benchmarks and the minimum requirements of an air quality assessment and sets out the measures taken to benefit local air quality and reduce exposure to poor air quality.All-through School: Schools that provide primary and secondary education from the age of 4 to 19.APA: Archaeological Priority Areas (APA) Defined area where, according to existing information, there is significant known archaeological interest or particular potential for new discoveries. These areas are technical in nature and defined by Historic England.Archaeological Priority Areas (APA): Defined area where, according to existing information, there is significant known archaeological interest or particular potential for new discoveries. These areas are technical in nature and defined by Historic England.Areas of deficiency in access to nature: Areas where people have to walk more than one kilometre to reach a publicly accessible metropolitan or borough Site of Importance for Nature (SINC).ATV: Areas of Townscape Value (ATV) An area of heritage value, with potential for designation as a Conservation Area, which the Council designates, protects and enhances.Areas of Townscape Value (ATV): An area of heritage value, with potential for designation as a Conservation Area, which the Council designates, protects and enhances.Article 4 direction: A direction made under Article 4 of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (England) Order 2015 which withdraws permitted development rights granted by that Order.Blue / water space: Areas covered by water including the River Lea, River Roding, River Thames, docks, lakes, ponds, rain gardens, ditches and Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems. C3: Use class defined under the Town and Country Planning (Use Classes) Order 1987 (as amended).Canopy cover: The layer of leaves, branches and stems of trees that cover the ground when viewed from above.Car Club: A short-term car rental service that allows members access to cars parked locally for a per-minute, per-hour or per-day fee.Childcare Facility: Facilities that provide early education from age 0 to 4, including nurseries, crèches, and day care.CIBSE TM59: CIBSE TM59 is a design methodology for assessing the overheating risk of homes – it is not designed to be an overheating prediction tool. A building which complies will have a lower risk of overheating, but it does not mean it will never overheat.Circular economy: This concept reflects efforts to retain materials in use at their highest value for as long as possible. Materials are then re-used or recycled, leaving a minimum of residual waste.Community Use Agreement: A document outlining terms of use for the use of private facilities by local community groups.Comparison goods retail/shops: Shops or stalls selling goods that are bought less often, such as clothing shops, footwear shops, chemist, charity shop, cycle shop, DIY/electrical goods shop, florist, mobile phones shops.Conservation Area: An area with a special architectural and historic interest, buildings and streets which a local planning authority designates for its protection and enhancement and where specific planning controls apply. Convenience goods retail/shops: Shops or stalls selling food and other day-to-day goods, including supermarket, grocers, newsagent, bakers, butchers, fishmongers.Conventional Housing: Dwellinghouses (C3).Cumulative Impact: The combined impact of uses or activities that add up to something of greater significance (positive or negative) than when assessed on their own.CWB Business Pledges: A set of ambitions for economic developments to support Community Wealth Building principles, focusing on the economic, social and environmental components of economic growth. Dark kitchen: A commercial kitchen with on-demand preparation of foods to be delivered off the premises via third party online delivery platforms. The use class falls under use class Sui Generis due to a number of features of the use, including the frequency of small-scale deliveries that would occur from the premises.Dark shop: a warehouse type storage of food and drink, with on-demand delivery of goods sold via an online platform. Although some dark shops operate from a typical shop premise (and therefore integrate a shop front and goods stored on a shop floor, there is no customer interface on site. The use class falls under use class Sui Generis due to a number of features of the use, including the frequency of small-scale deliveries that would occur from the premises.Development proposal: This refers to a proposed development that is seeking planning permission.Dynamic Thermal Modelling: A method of building modelling that predicts the internal conditions and energy demands of a building at short time intervals using weather data and building characteristics.Edge-of-Centre: Defined in the National Planning Policy Framework as 'for retail purposes, a location that is well connected and up to 300 metres of the primary shopping area. For all other main town centre uses, a location within 300 metres of a Town Centre boundary. For office development, this includes locations outside the Town Centre but within 500 metres of a public transport interchange. In determining whether a site falls within the definition of Edge-of-Centre, account should be taken of local circumstances.'Embodied Carbon: Embodied carbon refers to the greenhouse gas emissions associated with the manufacture, transport, construction, repair, maintenance, replacement and deconstruction of all building elements.Energy assessment methodologies: Methodologies used to assess and compare the energy and environmental performance of buildings. Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the most commonly used for domestic buildings, with National Calculation Methodology (NCM) used for non-domestic buildings. More accurate methodologies are now available, such as Passive House Planning Package (PHPP).Energy performance and construction quality assurance scheme: A quality assurance process that attests to the energy performance and construction quality of a particular development, by using an industry recognised standard. Examples of said quality assurance processes include the Passivhaus standard, the Building Energy Performance Improvement Toolkit (BEPIT), and the Association for Environment Conscious Building (AECB) standard.Energy use intensity: Energy Use Intensity (EUI), or metered energy use, is the total energy needed to run a home over a year (per square metre). It is a measure of the total energy consumption of the building (kWh/m2/yr). The EUI of a building covers all energy uses space heating, domestic hot water, ventilation, lighting, cooking, and appliances.EVCP: Electric Vehicle Charging Point.EVs: Electric VehiclesFamily Housing: Houses or flats containing three or more bedrooms (C3). This definition reflects the Council policy objective to retain a range of family sized accommodation and to prevent their subdivision into smaller units.GiGL: Greenspace Information for Greater London CIC (GiGL) is London's Local Environmental Records Centre. GiGL mobilises, curates and shares access to high-quality data via services that enable its stakeholders to make informed decisions about London's natural environment in policy and practice.Green Belt: A designated area of open land around London (or other urban areas). The fundamental aim of Green Belt policy is to prevent urban sprawl by keeping land permanently open; the essential characteristics of Green Belts are their openness and their permanence. Green corridors / Green links: Relatively continuous areas of open space leading through the built environment, which may link to each other and to the Green Belt or Metropolitan Open Land. They often consist of rivers, railway embankments and cuttings, roadside verges, parks, playing fields and extensive areas of private gardens. They may allow animals and plants to be found further into the built-up area than would otherwise be the case and provide an extension to the habitats of the sites they join. Green corridors are more associated with creating ecological connections. Green links are associated with providing linear links between open space for the benefit of people. Green links can also be green corridors if designed with wildlife in mind. Green links: See Green corridor/Green linksGreen links: See Green corridors/Green linksGreen roofs/walls: Planting on roofs or walls to provide climate change, amenity, food growing and recreational benefitsGreen space: All vegetated open space of public value (whether publicly or privately owned), including parks, woodlands, nature reserves, gardens, allotments, community gardens and playing pitches, which offer opportunities for sport and recreation, wildlife conservation and other benefits such as storing flood water, growing food and can provide an important visual amenity in the urban landscape.Greenfield Run-Off: The rate of run-off that would occur from the site in its undeveloped and undisturbed stage.Gypsies and Travellers: Persons of nomadic habit of life whatever their race or origin, including such persons who on grounds only of their own or their family's or dependants' educational or health needs or old age have ceased to travel temporarily, but excluding members of an organised group of travelling showpeople or circus people travelling together as such. This definition has been taken from Planning Policy for Travellers Sites (DCLG, 2015) and is specifically for the purposes of planning policy.Heat Networks: A distribution system of insulated pipes that take heat from a central source and delivers is to a number of domestics or non-domestic buildings. Heat pump: A heat pump captures heat from outside and moves it into a building. It uses electricity to do this, but the heat energy delivered is much more than the electrical energy used to power the system. This heat energy is then used to heat the building. Common types of heat pumps include air source (transfers heat from the outside air) and ground source (transfers heat from the ground outside).Heritage Asset: A building, monument, site, place, area or landscape positively identified as having a degree of significance as a component of the designated heritage assets (those buildings, monuments, structures, parks, etc. that are subject to national listing/scheduling, and those areas designated as Conservation Areas) and assets identified by the local planning authority during the process of decision-making or through the plan-making process (including local listing).High Streets: Defined in the London Plan (2021) as 'one of London's most characteristic urban features which play an important role in terms of local economic and social infrastructure, providing employment opportunities and promoting community and cultural exchange.' Their broad location has been identified and mapped by the Greater London Authority.Higher Education: Education at universities or other forms of higher education facilities from age 18.Houses in Multiple Occupation (C4): Small shared houses occupied by between three and six unrelated individuals, as their only or main residence, who share basic amenities such as a kitchen or bathroom.Houses in Multiple Occupation: Small shared houses occupied by between three and six unrelated individuals, as their only or main residence, who share basic amenities such as a kitchen or bathroom (C4).Housing for older people: Specialist or supported accommodation designed to meet the accommodation needs of older people aged 50 years or over. The main types of accommodation considered under this policy are sheltered housing, extra care and care home accommodation. Accommodation can be considered to be dwellinghouses (C3) or residential institutions (C2).IDP: Infrastructure Delivery PlanIntermediate Housing: Homes for sale and rent provided at a cost above social rent, but below market levels subject to the criteria in the Affordable Housing definition above. These can include shared equity (shared ownership and equity loans), First Homes, London Living Rent and other low-cost homes for sale and intermediate rent, but not affordable rented housing. Homes that do not meet the above definition of affordable housing, such as “low-cost market” housing, may not be considered, for planning purposes, as affordable housing.Key Movement Corridor: These corridors refer to arterial streets that form strategic linear gateways and offer the shortest way between main centres of activity. Due to their particular characteristics and alongside improvements to the public realm, they make an important contribution to people's perception of place by providing clear and identifiable linear connections where there is good to excellent access to sustainable modes of transportation (pedestrian, bicycle, bus, train); on-street parking controls (Residential Parking Zones and other on-street parking restrictions) and services as part of mixed, town centre uses.kWh: A kilowatt hour (kWh) is a measure of energy use. Large Houses in Multiple Occupation (sui generis): Shared houses occupied by between seven and ten unrelated individuals, as their only or main residence, who share basic amenities such as a kitchen or bathroom. For the purposes of Newham's Local Plan, shared accommodation occupied by eleven or more unrelated individuals is considered to be a Large-Scale Purpose-Built Shared Living (LSPBSL) development.Large Houses in Multiple Occupation: Shared houses occupied by between seven and ten unrelated individuals, as their only or main residence, who share basic amenities such as a kitchen or bathroom (sui generis). For the purposes of Newham's Local Plan, and occupation occupied by eleven or more unrelated individuals is considered to be a Large-Scale Purpose-Built Shared Living (LSPBSL) development. Larger non-standard bikes: A term referring a bikes larger than the standard bicycle – including but not limited to cargo bikes, tandem bikes, tricycles, recumbents, handcycles etc. These bikes require more space to manoeuvre and take up more space when parked than a standard bicycle.Large-Scale Purpose-Built Shared Living: Shared housing typically occupied by over ten individuals, as their only or main residence, who shared basic amenities including kitchens and communal amenity areas. Additional services and facilities are often included within these developments such as room cleaning, bed linen, on-site gym and concierge service. Private rooms within large scale purpose built shared living should not be able to be lived in as self-contained dwellings. This form of accommodation can sometimes be referred to as 'co-living'.Legible London: Legible London is a citywide wayfinding system for London, operated by Transport for London. The system is designed to provide a consistent visual language and wayfinding system across the city, allowing visitors and local residents to easily gain local geographic knowledge regardless of the area they are in.LIP: Local Implementation PlanListed Building: A building of special architectural and historic interest, designated by Historic England. Local Centre: typically serving a localised catchment (400m) and are often most accessible by active travel, and comprise mostly convenience retail (including potentially a small supermarket), smaller restaurants and cafes, sub-post office, pharmacy, dry cleaners and other useful local service. Newham's Local Centres fulfil the definition of 'Town Centre' for National Planning Policy Framework purposes, but do not represent a 'destination' in the same way as Town Centres.LIL: Local Industrial Locations (LILs) - Locations of particular local importance for industrial (SIL conforming) uses, which form part of the borough's reservoir of industrial sites to support economic growth.Local Industrial Locations (LILs): Locations of particular local importance for industrial (SIL conforming) uses, which form part of the borough's reservoir of industrial sites to support economic growth.LMUA: Local Mixed Use Areas (LMUAs) - Employment locations protected and identified for (employment-led) mixed use to support business and industrial uses compatible with residential, including opportunities for co-location. Local Mixed Use Areas (LMUAs): Employment locations protected and identified for (employment-led) mixed use to support business and industrial uses compatible with residential, including opportunities for co-location. Locally Listed Building: A building designated by a local planning authority which does not meet the criteria for inclusion on the national list, but makes a positive contribution to the local scene or is valued for local historical associations.London affordable rent housing: London Affordable Rent homes are for households on low incomes where the rent levels are based on the formulas in the Social Housing Regulator's Rent Standard Guidance. The rent levels for London Affordable Rent homes are capped at benchmark levels published by the Greater London Authority.London Living Rent: London Living Rent (LLR) offers Londoners on average incomes a lower rent, enabling them to save for a deposit. It is an intermediate affordable housing product with low rents that vary by ward across London. Where funded by the Greater London Authority, LLR will be a Rent to Buy product, with sub-market rents on time-limited tenancies, which help households on average income levels to save for a deposit. London's major airports: Airports in and around London offering scheduled international flights and which operate or have permission for more than 50,000 flight movements a year – i.e. London City, Heathrow, Gatwick, Stansted, Luton, and Southend.Low Traffic Neighbourhood: Low Traffic Neighbourhood (LTN) is a predominantly residential area that is bounded by main roads, in which a set of modal filters has been installed to prevent motor vehicles from using the residential area as a shortcut. Main town centre uses: Defined in the National Planning Policy Framework as 'retail development (including warehouse clubs and factory outlet centres); leisure, Evening and Night Time Economy, entertainment and more intensive sport and recreation uses (including cinemas, restaurants, drive-through restaurants, bars and pubs, nightclubs, casinos, health and fitness centres, indoor bowling centres and bingo halls); offices; and arts, culture and tourism development (including theatres, museums, galleries and concert halls, hotels and conference facilities).'Mayor referable application: An applications is referable to the Mayor of London if it meets the criteria set out in the Mayor of London Order (2008). The criteria includes development of 150 residential units or more, development over 30 metres in height (outside the City of London) or development on Green Belt or Metropolitan Open LandMeanwhile use: Temporary use that helps bridge the gap between a site's present condition and the vision for it as part of the wider area, ensuring it is activated and helping bring forward the likelihood of more permanent development.Metropolitan Open Land: Extensive areas of land bounded by urban development around London that fulfils a similar function to Green Belt and is protected from inappropriate development by land use planning policies.MBOA: Micro Business Opportunity Areas (MBOAs) - Edge-of-Centre locations which are suitable for micro-businesses, incubator and new business space.Micro Business Opportunity Areas (MBOAs): Edge-of-Centre locations which are suitable for micro-businesses, incubator and new business space.Micro-fulfilment centre: a 'last mile' distribution centre usually located closer to residential areas that it helps service. It is usually smaller than traditional larger distribution (or regional consolidation) centres. In some cases, the micro-fulfilment centre will be supported by a drop-off and collections desk, and the overall operation may extend into the evening and at night. Use Class is B8 storage and distribution, in line with London Plan (2021) Policy E4.Modern Methods of Construction: Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) refers to range of approaches which spans off-site, near site and on-site pre-manufacturing, process improvements and technology applications. Neighbourhood Parade: Small clusters of shops, mostly for convenience goods and other local services, usually totalling no more than 5-10 frontages.Newham Care Leavers: A young person who was previously in care. Newham Care Leavers are those eligible to receive the support from Newham's Leaving Care Service. To receive support young people must have been in care for at least 13 weeks between the ages of 14 and 16 (including their 16th birthday), in care for 13 weeks after their 16th birthday, in care prior to becoming subject to a special guardianship order (SGO) or privately fostered.Nominations agreement: An agreement between an applicant and a higher education provider or providers linked to a purpose-built student accommodation development that outlines that the student accommodation will provide housing for the higher education provider(s) students.Non-Road Mobile Machinery (NRMM): Non-Road Mobile Machinery is a broad category which includes mobile machines, and transportable industrial equipment or vehicles which are fitted with an internal combustion engine and not intended for transporting goods or passengers on roads. They are often used in the construction industry.NOx: Nitrogen oxides, namely nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). They are produced during combustion of fossil fuelsOpen space: All land in Newham that is predominantly undeveloped other than by buildings or structures that are ancillary to the open space use. The definition covers the broad range of types of open space within Newham, whether in public or private ownership and whether public access is unrestricted, limited or restricted. This includes all open areas consisting of major parks, local parks, playing fields (including playing pitches), allotments, community gardens and burial grounds, whether or not they are accessible to the public.Operational Carbon: Carbon emissions associated with the energy and water use during a building lifetime. This can be affected by what heating system the building uses and the performance of the buildings fabric.Out-of-Centre: Defined in line with the National Planning Policy Framework as a location which is not in or on the edge of a centre.Passive provision for electric vehicles: The network of cables and power supply necessary so that at a future date a socket or equivalent can be added easily to allow vehicle owners to recharge their vehicle.Pitch: A residential pitch on a “Gypsy and Traveller” site. This definition has been taken from Planning Policy for Travellers Sites (DCLG, 2015) and is specifically for the purposes of planning policy.PM2.5: Particulate matter (PM) is everything in the air that is not a gas and therefore consists of a huge variety of chemical compounds and materials, some of which can be toxic. Due to the small size of many of the particles that form PM some of these toxins may enter the bloodstream and be transported around the body. Therefore, exposure to PM can result in serious impacts to health, especially in vulnerable groups. Particles that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter are known as PM10, and less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter are known as PM2.5.PM10: Particulate matter (PM) is everything in the air that is not a gas and therefore consists of a huge variety of chemical compounds and materials, some of which can be toxic. Due to the small size of many of the particles that form PM some of these toxins may enter the bloodstream and be transported around the body. Therefore, exposure to PM can result in serious impacts to health, especially in vulnerable groups. Particles that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter are known as PM10, and less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter are known as PM2.5.PM10 and PM2.5: Particulate matter (PM) is everything in the air that is not a gas and therefore consists of a huge variety of chemical compounds and materials, some of which can be toxic. Due to the small size of many of the particles that form PM some of these toxins may enter the bloodstream and be transported around the body. Therefore, exposure to PM can result in serious impacts to health, especially in vulnerable groups. Particles that are less than 10 micrometres in diameter are known as PM10, and less than 2.5 micrometres in diameter are known as PM2.5.Primary School: Schools that provide education from the age of 4 to 11.Primary Shopping Area: Defined by the National Planning Policy Freamework as 'an area where retail development is concentrated'. Primary Shopping Frontage: Defined as the part of the Primary Shopping Area most likely to include a high proportion of retail, restaurants and café uses.PTAL: Public Transport Access Levels (PTALs) are calculated across London using a grid of points at 100m intervals. For each point walk time to the public transport network is combined with service wait time (frequency) to give a measure of public transport network density.Public realm: The space between and within buildings that is publicly accessible, including streets, squares, forecourts, parks and open spaces.Public Realm Net Gain: The process by which development helps deliver a significant step change in the quantity, quality and management of Newham's network of public realm that supports active travel and social interaction. The improvements can be delivered either directly on site or through contributions secured through legal agreements. Improvements can be Qualitative - enhancing the look, feel and utility of the existing public realm for the benefit of the wider local communities; and designing outdoor communal spaces that are otherwise a requirement of development (e.g. play space) as accessible to the wider public. Quantitative - extension of public realm (e.g. widened footpaths), and new public realm (e.g. new streets prioritising active travel; parks; urban squares). In the management and maintenance of the public realm. Public Safety Zone: Public safety zones (PSZs) are end of runway areas at airports. Development within PSZs is restricted so as to control the number of people on the ground at risk of death or injury should an aircraft accident occur during take-off and landing.PV: Solar electricity panels, also known as photovoltaics (PV), capture the sun's energy and convert it into electricity.Retrofit plan: A plan which sets out the proposed retrofit measures for a building.Retrofit quality assurance processes: A quality assurance process that attests to the energy performance and construction quality of a retrofit project, by using an industry recognised standard. Examples of said quality assurance processes include EnerPHit or Energiesprong.Retrofit: The addition of new technology or features to existing buildings in order to make them more efficient and to reduce their environmental impacts.Review mechanisms: A review of development viability defined with a Legal agreement enabling the reassessment of development viability after permission has been granted, at an early, mid or late stage in the development process. These mechanisms address uncertainties in the application stage assessment of viability to enable the maximum level of affordable housing provision over the lifetime of a proposal. Safeguarded Wharf: A site that has been safeguarded for cargo handling uses such as intraport or transhipment movements and freight-related purposes by Safeguarding Directions. A site remains safeguarded unless and until the relevant Safeguarding Direction is formally removed or amended.School Streets: School Streets are interventions outside of schools to improve air quality, and encourage more families to make journeys to school on foot or by bike.Secondary School: Schools that provide education from the age of 11 to 19.Shared Ownership: A form of shared equity under which the purchaser buys an initial share in a home from a housing provider, who retains the remainder and may charge a rent. The purchaser may buy additional shares ('staircasing'), and this payment should be 'recycled' for more affordable housing. In most cases, a purchaser may buy the final share ('staircase out') and own the whole home.SINC: Site of Importance for Nature Conservation - Areas of land chosen to represent the best wildlife habitats in London and areas of land where people can experience nature close to where they live and work. Sites are classified into Sites of Metropolitan, Borough and Local Importance depending on their relative value. SINCs are not legally protected, but their value should be considered in any land use planning decision. SINCs are approved by the London Wildlife Sites Board. Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC): Areas of land chosen to represent the best wildlife habitats in London and areas of land where people can experience nature close to where they live and work. Sites are classified into Sites of Metropolitan, Borough and Local Importance depending on their relative value. SINCs are not legally protected, but their value should be considered in any land use planning decision. SINCs are approved by the London Wildlife Sites Board. SME: Small and Medium EnterpriseSocial Rent Housing: Owned by local authorities and private registered providers (As defined in S80 of the Housing and Regeneration Act 2008), for which guideline target rents are determined through the national Rent Standard Guidance.Space heating demand: The space heating demand is the amount of heat energy needed to heat a home over a year and is expressed in kWh/m2/yr.Special Areas of Conservation (SAC): A site defined in the European Union's Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC), also known as the Directive on the Conservation of Natural Habitats and of Wild Fauna and Flora to protect habitats and species.SEND: Special Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) School - Schools that provide education solely for pupils with SENDSpecial Educational Needs and Disabilities (SEND) School: Schools that provide education solely for pupils with SENDSpecialised/Specialist Housing: Housing which meets the specialised housing needs of groups such as (but not limited to) older people, people with learning disabilities or autism, looked after children, care leavers and homeless people.Strategic Flood Risk Assessment (SFRA): Framework for the consideration of flood risk when making planning decisions. The SFRA is a requirement of the National Planning Policy Framework and enables a sequential risk based approach to be applied to decision making at all levels of the planning. SIL: Strategic Industrial Locations - Defined and protected by the London Plan (2021) and are identified industrial areas of strategic importance with capacity to support industrial, logistics and related employment uses that support the functioning of London's economy.Strategic Industrial Locations (SILs): Defined and protected by the London Plan (2021) and are identified industrial areas of strategic importance with capacity to support industrial, logistics and related employment uses that support the functioning of London's economy.Sustainable transport storage: An secure area that allows for parking of bicycles, including larger non-standard bikes (such as cargo bikes) and e-bikes,, electric scooters, buggies and mobility scooters – with charging points as relevant.SuDS: Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems - Sequence of water management practices and facilities designed to drain surface water in a manner that will provide a more sustainable approach than the conventional practice of routeing run-off through a pipe to a watercourse.Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SuDS): Sequence of water management practices and facilities designed to drain surface water in a manner that will provide a more sustainable approach than the conventional practice of routeing run-off through a pipe to a watercourse.Town Centre: defined in the London Plan (2021) as 'places in London that provide access to a range of commercial, cultural and civic activities, including shopping, leisure, employment, Evening and Night Time Economy, entertainment, culture, and social and community facilities. Town Centres are classified in the London Plan (2021) according to their existing role and function in light of characteristics such as scale, mix of uses, economic performance and accessibility.' The scales set out by the London Plan (2021) areInternational Centre: London's globally-renowned retail and leisure destinations, providing a broad range of high-order comparison and specialist shopping, integrated into environments of the highest architectural quality and interspersed with internationally-recognised leisure, culture, heritage and tourism destinations. These centres have excellent levels of public transport accessibility.Metropolitan Centre: serve wide catchments which can extend over several boroughs and into parts of the Wider South East. Typically they contain at least 100,000 sqmof retail, leisure and service floorspace with a significant proportion of high-order comparison goods relative to convenience goods. These centres generally have very good accessibility and significant employment, service and leisure functions. Many have important clusters of civic, public and historic buildings.Major Centre: typically found in inner and some parts of outer London with a borough-wide catchment. They generally contain over 50,000 sqm of retail, leisure and service floorspace with a relatively high proportion of comparison goods relative to convenience goods. They may also have significant employment, leisure, service and civic functions.District Centre: distributed more widely than Metropolitan and Major Centres, providing convenience goods and services, and social infrastructure for more local communities and accessible by public transport, walking and cycling. Typically, they contain 5,000–50,000 sqm of retail, leisure and service floorspace. Some District Centres have developed specialist shopping functions.Town Centre Network: An interrelated network and hierarchy of high streets designated as Town Centres, Local Centres or Neighbourhood Parades.Travelling Showpeople: Members of a group organised for the purposes of holding fairs, circuses or shows (whether or not travelling together as such). This includes such persons who on the grounds of their own or their family's or dependants' more localised pattern of trading, educational or health needs or old age have ceased to travel temporarily, but excludes Gypsies and Travellers as defined above. This definition has been taken from Planning Policy for Travellers Sites (DCLG, 2015) and is specifically for the purposes of planning policy.Unit: a frontage, as defined in relation to street naming and numbering.Urban Greening Factor: A land-use planning tool to help determine the amount of greening required in new developments.Urban greening: Urban greening describes the act of adding green infrastructure elements. Due to the morphology and density of the built environment in London, green roofs, street trees, and additional vegetation are the most appropriate elements of green infrastructure in Newham.Urban heat island: The height of buildings and their arrangement means that while more heat is absorbed during the day, it takes longer to escape at night. The temperature difference is usually larger at night than during the day. The Urban Heat Island effect is noticeable during both the summer and winter months.Utilities Infrastructure: relating to heat, power, digital connectivity and communications, water supply and wastewater removal for public use. Viability assessments: An assessment of the financial viability of a development to determine the maximum level of affordable housing and other policy requirements that an application can provide.Waste Hierarchy: The waste hierarchy ranks waste management options according to what is best for the environment. It gives top priority to preventing waste in the first place. When waste is created, it gives priority to preparing it for re-use, then recycling, then recovery, and last of all disposal (e.g. landfill). Waste management facilities: Waste management sites (as defined in the glossary) or other waste management facilities that deal with the collection, recovery, treatment, transfer or disposal of waste. Waste management sites: Sites where the following activities take place waste is used for energy recovery, the production of solid recovered fuel, or it is high-quality refuse-derived fuel meeting the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Refuse derived fuel definition as a minimum which is destined for energy recovery, it is sorted or bulked for re-use (including repair and re-manufacture) or for recycling (including anaerobic digestion), It is reused, or recycled (including anaerobic digestion).Water neutrality: Total demand for water is the same after the new development was built, as it was before. This is achieved by retrofitting older homes and businesses with water efficiency devices, as well as building and development that uses little water.Whole house approach: The concept of treating the whole house as a system when planning a retrofit and ensuring that any action taken does not preclude another action at a later date. It also means that actions which may affect other aspects of the dwelling's performance are properly considered to ensure that they do not result in any unintended consequences.Whole Life Carbon: Whole life carbon brings together embodied carbon, operational carbon, as well as any benefits associated with recovery, reuse, or recycle beyond the system boundary.Zero carbon: Activity that causes no net release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere.Zero emission: Activity that causes no release of air pollutants and carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases.
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Click on the pictures below to read more and jump to the specific chapter in the draft Local Plan, where you can provide your comments and feedback.
The Local Plan is the key planning document which we will use to shape, plan and manage growth, regeneration and development across the borough over a 15-year period from 2023-2038.
This summary section provides a high level summary of each chapter in the draft Local Plan.
INTRODUCTION
The introduction explains the purpose and role of the Local Plan, its relationship to other plans, the information which has informed it and how it use it. It also provides an overview of Newham’s geography, people, economy, homes, neighbourhoods and environment.
- Newham’s neighbourhoods are each unique through their historic built character and social and cultural diversity. There are opportunities across all neighbourhoods for new development which should be designed to complement and enhance these unique characters.
- In the majority of Newham, where most buildings are up to three storeys high and there are lots of terraced and semi-detached houses, seven or more storeys (above 21m), would be perceived as a tall building.
- Twenty areas can accommodate tall buildings above seven storeys, based on an assessment of existing heights, potential for development and sensitivity of the wider context.
- The Newham Design Review Panel has been effective at challenging developers to improve the quality of design.
VISION AND OBJECTIVES
The vision describes what the borough will look like in 15 years’ time and is supported by a number of objectives which are shaped around the Building a Fairer Newham strategy. The vision is illustrated on the key diagram.
- Newham’s neighbourhoods are each unique through their historic built character and social and cultural diversity. There are opportunities across all neighbourhoods for new development which should be designed to complement and enhance these unique characters.
- In the majority of Newham, where most buildings are up to three storeys high and there are lots of terraced and semi-detached houses, seven or more storeys (above 21m), would be perceived as a tall building.
- Twenty areas can accommodate tall buildings above seven storeys, based on an assessment of existing heights, potential for development and sensitivity of the wider context.
- The Newham Design Review Panel has been effective at challenging developers to improve the quality of design.
BUILDING A FAIRER NEWHAM
The building a fairer Newham policies address how and where we will deliver the different types of development needed to meet our objectives. They also direct how residents will be involved in shaping our borough and how developments should support the delivery of infrastructure and contribute to improving health, wellbeing and social value.
- Newham’s neighbourhoods are each unique through their historic built character and social and cultural diversity. There are opportunities across all neighbourhoods for new development which should be designed to complement and enhance these unique characters.
- In the majority of Newham, where most buildings are up to three storeys high and there are lots of terraced and semi-detached houses, seven or more storeys (above 21m), would be perceived as a tall building.
- Twenty areas can accommodate tall buildings above seven storeys, based on an assessment of existing heights, potential for development and sensitivity of the wider context.
- The Newham Design Review Panel has been effective at challenging developers to improve the quality of design.
DESIGN
The design policies address what buildings and the spaces around them look and feel like, and how usable, accessible and pleasant they are.
The Plan proposes
- New requirements to provide more public realm on larger sites, including child-friendly environments; qualitative standards for public realm, including the need to improve the quality of existing public realm beyond the site boundary; and requirements for a Management Plan to address maintenance and the activation of public spaces.
- Newham-specific design policies and guidance, adapting available good practice guidance to Newham’s context.
- 20 Tall Building Zones where buildings above seven storeys (21m) may be supported if they meet high quality design, sustainable practices and maximum height requirements. New tall buildings will generally be lower in height than the existing clusters.
- To secure the quality of design through quality checks at various stages of the development process including: co-designed masterplanning, the Newham Design Review Panel and any potential Community Design Review panel, conditions and legal obligations, and post- occupancy surveys.
These proposals have been informed by:
The feedback you provided during our Issues and Options engagement in 2021, where you said:
- The Public Realm Net Gain policy approach needs to promote child-friendly spaces and address the management and maintenance of the public realm.
- Newham-specific design guidance, including residential design standards should better reflect the built, social and cultural diversity of Newham.
- The quality and quantity of tall buildings is concerning.
- There should be more consistency when applying standards to developments.
- More resident involvement in design decisions is supported.
Our evidence, which says:
- There is a range of good practice design guidance available at national and regional level that is relevant to Newham.
- Newham’s neighbourhoods are each unique through their historic built character and social and cultural diversity. There are opportunities across all neighbourhoods for new development which should be designed to complement and enhance these unique characters.
- In the majority of Newham, where most buildings are up to three storeys high and there are lots of terraced and semi-detached houses, seven or more storeys (above 21m), would be perceived as a tall building.
- Twenty areas can accommodate tall buildings above seven storeys, based on an assessment of existing heights, potential for development and sensitivity of the wider context.
- The Newham Design Review Panel has been effective at challenging developers to improve the quality of design.
HIGH STREETS
The high street policies address the location of shops and other town centre uses and how our high streets can thrive and support residents’ health and wellbeing.
The Plan proposes
- To promote shops, cafes and restaurants, services, offices and workspaces within the Primary Shopping Areas of Town and Local Centres.
- To support meanwhile uses, pop-ups/events and the multi-functional operation of buildings, promote affordable small commercial units, enhance and activate public realm, and protect existing markets and support the creation of new ones.
- A new requirement for every home to be within 400m of a designated shopping area, or within 15min walking distance of at least two shopping areas. New Local Centre and Neighbourhood Parade designations to address gaps and further protect well-functioning high street frontages.
- Support for the retention of established corner grocery shops in areas which are further away from protected shopping areas.
- To promote evening and night-time uses in suitable locations, with the highest concentration allowed in the largest town centres.
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Tightening of the concentration criteria for hot food takeaway and all types of gambling premises. Healthy eating catering standards promoted for all food-based businesses, and marketing standards to promote responsible operation of pawn shops, pay day loan shops and gambling premises (where no overconcentration).
These proposals have been informed by:
The feedback you provided during our Issues and Options engagement in 2021, where you said:
- Increase the variety of shops and facilities on Newham’s high streets.
- The 15 minute neighbourhood concept should be carefully applied so that it does not result in less access to day-to-day goods and services.
- A proactive approach should be taken toward enabling and managing the visitor, evening and night-time economy.
- There are still too many betting shops and hot food takeaways, which needs to be addressed.
- The public realm needs to be more attractive and enable social interaction and community development. Need more alfresco spaces and street markets.
Our evidence, which says:
- Newham’s existing Town and Local Centres are serving local needs well, have lower vacancies than national average and are evolving in line with national trends.
- There is a need to balance opportunities for increasing variety in our centres with the need to promote and protect retail and leisure in Primary Shopping Areas.
- There are more parts of established high streets that could be protected. Alongside delivery of new Local Centres, these will help to address gaps in access to groceries and services in the existing protected network.
- With the exception of Stratford, the visitor evening and night-time economy is not well established in Newham’s centres and many residents travel out of the borough to access leisure and culture activities.
- Markets make a significant contribution to the success of Newham’s centres.
- Two-thirds of adults and 43% of children in Year 6 are carrying excess weight. 1 in 3 children have tooth decay.
COMMUNITY FACILITIES
The community facilities policies address the protection, location and design of all types of community facilities, including schools and education facilities.
The Plan proposes
- The introduction of a Social-Value Health Impact Assessment. This assessment tool helps fully consider the impact of any development that affects a community facility.
- Larger facilities should be directed to designated town centres, where there is good transport connectivity, and where facilities can support the viability and vitality of Newham’s high streets. Smaller community facilities, in certain circumstances, can be located outside of town centres to support the network of 15 minute neighbourhoods.
- Clear guidance on how new community spaces should be designed, including the need to meaningfully involve the community and organisations which use or will use the space through co-design.
- The introduction of a standalone policy on the need to protect existing and to support the delivery of new cultural facilities.
- Safeguarding land for the delivery of schools, childcare and health care facilities.
These proposals have been informed by:
The feedback you provided during our Issues and Options engagement in 2021, where you said:
- Residents value their local community facilities.
- There needs to be more flexibility on the current Town-Centre-First approach for new and intensified community facilities.
- There is a need for affordable community spaces.
- More facilities for children and young people are needed.
- More leisure and sports facilities are needed.
- Cultural facilities need to be protected and more are needed in the borough.
- More GP surgeries, schools and childcare facilities need to be provided to support growth.
Our evidence, which says:
- There is a strong case for locating community facilities and services within Town Centres as important places for social integration, transport connectivity, co-working and support the high street. However, the current Town-Centre-First approach is inflexible and does not recognise that many existing community facilities and opportunities for new community centres are outside of town centres.
- Design constraints and the condition of community facilities can negatively affect the delivery of services.
- Newham needs more sports / leisure facilities, in particular swimming pools.
- There is a gap in sports / leisure provision in the Canning Town area.
INCLUSIVE ECONOMY
The inclusive economy policies address the protection and location of space for businesses and how developments should deliver community wealth building and an inclusive economy for Newham residents.
The Plan proposes
- New requirement for development to sign up to the Community Wealth Building Business Pledges to support local residents into work, fund job training and secure higher quality and fairer economic outcomes (including the London Living Wage) for residents.
- Developments to deliver a diverse range of workspaces which respond to the needs of local businesses and growth sectors.
- To protect employment land and seek opportunities to intensify and make the most efficient use of land for businesses.
- Employment spaces are a key element of 15 minute neighbourhoods and should be protected and provided across the borough.
- Developments providing employment floorspace must support the green economy through improved design, energy efficiency and jobs and skill development in green industries.
These proposals have been informed by:
The feedback you provided during our Issues and Options engagement in 2021, where you said:
- More local economic opportunities are needed, including job creation, skills and training opportunities.
- New workspaces that meet business’s needs are required.
- Employment land and local businesses should be protected.
- A greener economy that promotes environmentally friendly businesses and operates from greener premises is supported.
Our evidence, which says:
- Gross weekly earnings in Newham are 13% lower than the London average (4th lowest in London) and in 2021 unemployment was slightly higher than the London and UK average.
- Around a third of jobs in Newham pay less than the London Living Wage.
- The quality of employment has an impact on physical and mental health and well-being.
- Newham has lost local ‘cost efficient’ office spaces in Town Centres and there is a need to protect important local business locations as part of the 15 minute network.
- There is strong demand for industrial space in Newham and Newham’s industrial land is key in supporting sustainable economic growth in London.
- A Green economy can be supported by providing workspaces close to where people live, modern industrial design, more sustainable design standards and supporting identified growth sectors such as green industries.
HOMES
The homes policies address how we will deliver the number and type of homes to meet Newham’s needs. This includes affordable and family homes and homes for older residents, disabled residents, students and gypsies and travellers.
The Plan proposes
- A new housing target that seeks to deliver between 46,633 to 52,133 new homes by 2038.
- A strategic target of 50% of new homes to be affordable, 65% of which will be social rent homes.
- A target for 40% of new homes to be family-sized, with 3 or more bedrooms. On site allocations 5% of these homes should have 4 or more bedrooms.
- Specialist housing policies, including for Gypsy and Traveller accommodation, that support providing new accommodation that meets need and is in suitable locations.
- A new housing design policy that aims to improve residents’ physical and mental health through high quality design.
These proposals have been informed by:
The feedback you provided during our Issues and Options engagement in 2021, where you said:
- The new Local Plan needs to meet Newham’s housing target, but also needs to explore opportunities for retrofit and refurbishment of existing homes.
- Delivering more affordable homes is supported.
- There is a need for a mix of housing sizes, including family homes.
- Improving the design of new housing is welcomed.
- There is support for delivering more specialist housing, including homes for students, older people, homeless people and for people with learning difficulties.
Our evidence, which says:
- Newham needs to deliver more homes to meet both the Borough’s and London’s housing needs.
- There is a significant need for affordable housing, in particular social rent homes.
- Newham Council is building more homes at social rent levels as part of the Affordable Homes for Newham Programme.
- There is a high need for family-sized housing, particularly three bedroom homes.
- There is a need for new pitches to meet the accommodation needs of Newham’s Gypsy and Traveller communities, which will need to be considered by the Council’s housing service.
- Specialist and supported housing should be delivered to support local housing needs.
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